Group+1Hr6

**__Alkali Metals!!!!!!__** = = The alkali metals are the first group in the periodic table. Included are: Lithium, Sodium , Potassium , Rubidium , Cesium , and, Francium. These elements have to closest similarities between the elements than any other group. Each element has the same physical characteristics of being silvery and soft except cesium has a goldon tint to it (yellow). Each element has a low density and reacts with salt to form ionic salts and reacts strongly with water to form hydroxides. Each element within the group reacts violently with water and only gets worse as you go down the group. Each element also has only one electron in it outermost shell that it is easily willing to get rid of to make the enegy levels more stable. - largest atomic radii in their periods - low ionization energies -low electronegativities -HIGHLY REACTIVE
 * //Summarize properties of Alkali Metals: //**

 What is Lithium? Lithium was discovered in 1817 by Johann Arvedson in Sweden. Lithium gets its name from the Greek word "Lithos" meaning stone. Lithium can be found in soil, plants, animals, and the human body. You can only see Lithium for a few minutes when it is in the air because after that it will start to tarnish. Lithium has: FUN FACTS
 * 1) electron shell configuration- 1s^2 2s^1
 * 2) Quantum#s
 * n=2
 * l=0
 * MI=0
 * Ms=+1/2
 * 1) atomic # - 3
 * 2) atomic mass - 6.9
 * 3) # of protons - 3
 * 4) # of neutrons - 3
 * 5) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"># of electrons - 4
 * 6) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"># of isotopes - 2
 * <span style="color: #00ffd5; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Johan August Arfvedson discovered lithium in 1817.
 * <span style="color: #00ffd5; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Today bathing in mineral pools and drinking mineral waters have been used to help mental and physical health.
 * <span style="color: #00ffd5; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;">Did you know that Lithium in its salt form is most commonly used to treat Bipolar Disorder.



<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 190%;">What is Sodium? Sodium was discovered in 1807 by and English Chemist named Sir Humphry Davy. Sodium gets its name from the Latin word Natrium. You can use sodium for medicines, agriculuture, and other things. Sodium only has one valence electron in the last energy level which is easily given up. Sodium has: FUN FACTS
 * 1) <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">electron shell configuration- 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^1
 * 2) <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">Quantum #
 * n=3
 * i=0
 * Ml=0
 * Ms=+1/2
 * <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">atomic # - 11
 * <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">atomic mass - 23
 * <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;"># of protons - 11
 * <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;"># of neutrons - 11
 * <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;"># of electrons - 12
 * <span style="color: #00ffff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;"># of isotopes - 1
 * Humphry Davy discoverd sodium in 1807
 * sodium can be combined to with some fatty acids to make soap
 * <span style="color: #38799f; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;">at room temp sodium is soft enough to cut with a knife

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 200%;">What is Postassium? Potassium was first discovered by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807. Potassium must be kept in kerosene or some other hydrocarbon because it reacts so very strongly with water and oxygen. You can find potassium in fertilizer, fruits, and vegetables. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Potassium has: <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">FUN FACTS
 * 1) <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">electron shell configuration- 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4s^1
 * 2) <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Quantum #s
 * n=4
 * l=0
 * Ml=0
 * Ms=+1/2
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">atomic # - 19
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">atomic mass - 39
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"># of protons - 19
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"># of neutrons - 19
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"># of electrons - 20
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"># of isotopes - 2
 * Sir Humphrey Davy discovered potassium in 1807
 * Potassium is the second lightest metal next to lithium
 * Potassium is also used in some fertilizers
 * 0.07% of the ocean is made up of Potassium Chloride
 * Potassium is never found as a pure metal

<span style="color: #ff4800; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 200%;">What is Rubidium? <span style="color: #0a6ce6; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Rubidium was discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustave Kirchoff in 1861 in Germany. Its name comes from the Latin word Rubidious meaning red and the color red that it gives off when it is in gas form. <span style="color: #8b0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 200%;">Rubidium has: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 200%;">FUN FACTS
 * 1) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">electron shell configuration- 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4d^10, 4s^2, 4p^6, 5s^1
 * 2) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Quantum #s
 * n=5
 * l=0
 * Ml=1
 * Ms=+1/2
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">atomic # - 37
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">atomic mass - 85
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"># of protons - 37
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"># of neutrons - 37
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"># of electrons - 48
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"># of isotopes - 1
 * <span style="color: #a10808; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in the 1800's.
 * <span style="color: #a10808; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">Rubidium spontaneously ignites in air.
 * <span style="color: #a10808; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">Rubidium also reacts violently with water.
 * <span style="color: #a10808; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 110%;">Did you know that rubidium is used in vacuums.

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">What is Cesium? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 120%;">Cesium was discovered by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchoff, both of whom were German chemists. They made this discovery in 1860. They named Cesium after the blue lines they observed in its spectrum. <span style="color: #9a0e2f; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 220%;">Cesium has: <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%;">Fun Facts
 * 1) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">electron shell configuration- 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4d^10, 4s^2, 4p^6, 4d^10, 5s^2, 5p^6, 6s^1
 * 2) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">Quantum #s
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">n=6
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">l=0
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">Ml=0
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">Ms=+1/2
 * 1) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">atomic # - 55
 * 2) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">atomic mass - 133
 * 3) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;"># of protons - 55
 * 4) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;"># of neutrons - 55
 * 5) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;"># of electrons - 78
 * 6) <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;"># of isotopes - 1
 * Cesium has the second lowest melting point of all metallic elements
 * It reacts violently with water and ice (forming cesium hydroxide)
 * To obtain Cesium is difficult so it limits its use

<span style="color: #ff4800; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">What is Francium? <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a french chemist, in 1939. This element was named for the country France. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 220%;">Francium has: <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 220%;">Fun Facts
 * 1) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">electron shell configuration-
 * 2) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Quantum #s
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">n=7
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">l=0
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Ml=0
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Ms=-1/2
 * 1) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">atomic # - 87
 * 2) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">atomic mass -223
 * 3) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"># of protons - 87
 * 4) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"># of neutrons - 136
 * 5) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"># of electrons - 87
 * 6) <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"># of isotopes -0
 * <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are no uses for Francium outside of scientific research since there are small amount of it.
 * <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Scientists must produce Francium in order to study it.
 * <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Francium can be made by bombarding thorium with protons or radium with neutrons.

Links & Works Cited: http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementgroups/a/alkalimetals.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal#Occurence_and_production http://images.google.com http://education.jlab.org/itselement/ele003.html http://education.jlab.org/itselement/ele011.html http://education.jlab.org/itselement/ele019.html http://education.jlab.org/itselement/ele037.html http://education.jlab.org/itselement/ele055.html http://education.jlab.org/itselement/ele087.html