Group+15Hr2

=Group 15 on the periodic table=

By Doug Z. and Jolenna W.E
The Nitrogen group is Group 15 of the periodic table (formerly numbered as Group V or Group VA) and is also collectively named the pnictogens. This consists of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi).

Atomic # Element # of electron shells 7 - nitrogen - 2, 5 15 - phosphorus - 2, 8, 5 33 - arsenic - 2, 8, 18, 5 51 - antimony - 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 83 - bismuth - 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 115 - ununpentium - 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5 This group has the defining characteristic that all the component elements have 5 electrons in their outermost shell, that is 2 electrons in the s subshell and 3 unpaired electrons in the p subshell. They are therefore 3 electrons short of filling their outermost electron shell in their non-ionized state. The most important element of this group is nitrogen (chemical symbol N), which in its diatomic form is the principal component of air.

=Here is the break down of the individual chemicals.=

=Nitrogen= Atomic Weight 14.0067 Density 1.251 g/l Melting point -210.1 °C Boiling Point -195.79 °C = = Colorless nitrogen gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere, but here we see it in liquid form at -196 °C . It is boiling off, creating a visible vapor--not of steam, but of water condensed from the surrounding air . media type="youtube" key="5j02WUaIF1E" height="344" width="425" =Common Uses: = Beer foaming ball: This is a small hollow plastic ball, kind of like a ping poing ball, except you buy it inside a can of beer. The ball has a tiny hole in it and is filled with compressed nitrogen. The nitrogen doesn't escape because the whole can is pressurized, and it doesn't fill with beer because the hole is very small, so surface tension keeps the beer outside and the compressed nitrogen inside. Until, of course, you open the beer can, at which point the external pressure is removed and the nitrogen starts squirting out of the tiny hole. This creates foam in the beer, giving it a "head" just as if it had come from a tap or keg.

Nitroglycerin pills. People at high risk for heart attack or angina (chest pain) carry nitroglycerin pills like these with them at all times, to take at the first sign of trouble. You may have heard of nitroglycerin in connection with blowing things up it is exactly the same chemical. In pill form the nitroglycerin is dispersed in binder, so unfortunately, you can't blow anything up with these pills.

=Phosphorus= Atomic Weight 30.973761 Density 1.823 g/cm 3 Melting point 44.2 °C Boiling Point 280.5 °C Phosphorus occurs in white (extremely dangerous), red (safer and common in matches) and black (rare, most stable) forms. This exotic violet form is a mixture of red and black, not a true allotrope itself.

=Common Uses: = Kitchen matches.

M34 White phosphorus hand grenade. This is an inert shell that, if active, would be filled with 15 ounces of white phosphorus and a small charge that distributes it over a 35 meter radius when set off. Anyone in that area without protection would be severely burned and/or poisoned, and flammable material would likely end up in flames. Interestingly, the average soldier is said to be able to throw it approximately 30 meters, 5 meters short of its radius of destruction. Much larger white phosphorus incendiary bombs were used in WWII and probably still are: Compared to them this is just a child. Interestingly, descriptions you can find on the web say this grenade, which is considered an obsolete design, can also be used to create a smoke screen or signal. The smoke created is phosphorus pentoxide, which is actually not particularly toxic, and it's said that the high temperature at which the white phosphorus is burning causes the smoke to rise rapidly, making it more suitable for signaling purposes than for creating a smoke screen.

= = =Arsenic=

Atomic Weight 74.9216 Density 5.727 g/cm 3 Melting Point 817 °C Boiling Point 614 °C Arsenic was the poison of choice until its detection became easy. Combined with gallium it forms a semiconductor used in creating high-speed integrated circuits for supercomputers and cell phones.

=Common Uses:= Common uses include: Rat poison in the early 1800's they used arsenic as a way to pale the skin because arsenic is an anticoagulant (causes the blood to thin) This is what arsenic can do to peoples bodies if they are exposed to it for a long period of time =Antimony:= Atomic Weight: 121.8 Density: 6.697 g/cm 3 Melting Point: 630.63 °C Boiling Point: 1587 °C = = = = <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">Beautiful, sparkling lumps of broken crystal like this are how bulk antimony is commonly sold. Most of it is melted down and added to lead to make bullets and batteries or alloyed with other metals.