Group+14Hr7

The Elements in the group: Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead

Electron configuration: Carbon:1s(2)2s(2)2p(2) n=2 l=1 m(1)=0 m(s)=+1/2

Silicon: 1s(2)2s(2)2p(2)2p(6)3s(2)3p(2) n= 3 l=1 m(1)=0 m(s)=+1/2

Germanium: [Ar]4s(2)3d(10)3p(4) n=3 l=1 m(1)= -1 m(s)= -1/2

Tin:[Kr]5s(2)4d(10)5p(2) n=5 l=1 m(1)= 0 m(s)= +1/2

Lead:[Xe]6s(2)4f(14)5d(10)6p(2) n=6 l=1 m(1)=0 m(s)=+1/2

Carbon

Atomic Number: 6 Atomic Mass: 12.011 Number of Protons: 6 Number of Neutrons: 6 Number of Electrons: 6

Silicon

Atomic Number: 14 Atomic Mass: 28.086 Number of Protons: 14 Number of Neutrons: 14 Number of Electrons: 14

Germanium

Atomic Number: 32 Atomic Mass: 72.64 Number of Protons: 32 Number of Neutrons: 41 Number of Electrons: 32

Tin

Atomic Number: 50 Atomic Mass: 118.71 Number of Protons: 50 Number of Neutrons: 69 Number of Electrons: 50

Fun Facts:
 * All of these elements have four electrons in their outermost energy level.
 * Out of the Group 14 elements, only carbon and silicon form bonds as nonmetals (sharing electrons covalently).
 * Silicon and germanium are metalloids, existing in compounds with either +4 or -4 charges.
 * Tin and lead are definitely metals.
 * All of the elements of this family can form four bonds, the most of any family.

**Chemical Properties** The element carbon is the basis of life. It is found in all living material. Silicon is a semiconductor used commonly in computer chips and solar cells. It is also the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. Silicon dioxide is the major component of glass. Germanium has important semiconductor properties and is used in the computer industry. It is one of the few elements that expand when frozen. Lead has long been used for plumbing and is also used to block radiation. Tin was once used to make cans because it is relatively stable -- unreactive. Aluminum has replaced the more expensive tin today.

Periodic Trends: As you go down they get more reactive. Also as you go down, the atomic numbers get bigger.

Sources: [] Mrs. Strande

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